Zugriff auf die Synology-Dienste über Internet

Einleitung

Der Synology Server verfügt über diverse Dienste, die für die Benutzung über Internet gedacht sind (File Station, Web Station, Photo Station, Blog...). Nach der ersten Einrichtung des Servers sind diese Dienste allerdings noch nicht öffentlich verfügbar. Dazu sind in der Regel noch weitere Konfigurationsschritte notwendig, die hier erläutert werden sollen.

Benutzte Ports

Die folgende Liste zeigt die Ports, die vom Synology Server genutzt werden können.

Port	Protokoll	Beschreibung	Hinweise
20	TCP	aktive FTP-Daten
21	TCP	FTP-Control
22	TCP	SSH/verschlüsseltes Netzwerkbackup
23	TCP	Telnet
25	TCP	SMPT (Mail)
53	TCP	Domain Name Service	DNS-Namen Auflösung
67	UDP	DHCP Client	Zur automatischen Zuteilung einer IP
80	TCP	HTTP	benutzt für den Web-Server und Photo-Station
123	UDP	Network Time Protocol	automatische Zeitsynchronisation über einen NTP-Server
137	UDP	NetBIOS
138	UDP	NetBIOS-Datagram
139	UDP	NetBIOS-ssn
389	TCP/UDP	LDAP	für ADS Verbindung
443	TCP	HTTPS	für HTTPS-Verbindungen zur Synology Station
445	TCP/UDP	Microsoft-ds	Netzwerkfreigaben über CIFS bzw. Samba
537		Network Media Streaming Protokoll
548	TCP	Apple Filing Protokoll
554		Real Time Stream Protokoll
873	TCP	Netzwerk Backup	Rsync
989	TCP	FTP-Daten über TLS/SSL
990	TCP	FTP über TLS/SSL
3306	TCP/UDP	MySQL Dienst
3689	TCP	DAAP Digital Audio Access Protokoll benutzt von Apple’s iTunes
5000	TCP	Synology Verwaltung, File Station, Audio Station, Surveillance Station
5001	TCP	Synology Verwaltung, File Station, Audio Station, Surveillance Station (verschlüsselt)
5432	TCP/UDP	Download Redirector	Verbindung zur PostgreSQL-Datenbank
5353		iTunes Media Service
6881-6890	TCP	BitTorrent
9997-9999	UDP	Verschiedene Synology Dienste	Synology Assistant, Download Redirector, Data Replicator
55536-56559	UDP	Bereich für Passiv FTP (kann im Management geändert werden)

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The Synology server has internet services (such as Web hosting, PhotoStation 2 + video) which are designed for internet use. These services by default are not publicly viewable (also, some of these services must be enabled before use), these services can be accessed over the Internet by port forwarding the corrosponding port from the WAN (the Internet) to the LAN IP address of the Cube Station.

Ports for example, are specific access “doors” which various computers will respond too. Much akin to forwarding a phone call from New York, NY to Seattle, WA; port forwarding forwards a call from the Internet, to the local network, and into the Cube Station, where the Cube Station (or Synology Product) will pick up the call and respond.

Given today's plethora of routers, there is no standardized guide or method on how to instruct new users on how to forward ports, most common locations on where to find the port forwarding settings on routers is are

• Advanced Services
• Firewall Settings
• Port Forward
• Virtual Server

A recommended website which as a collection of guides from various routers on how to conduct port forwarding is PortForward.com Using the guides from PortForward.com, please use one example of forwarding a mail server, for example, to a specific server. It will tell you how to change the port number, from there, simply change the port numbers and add as many services that are needed within the router settings.

What is my external IP address? To determine what is the external IP address of your system, you may use whatismyip.com. This address will have to be use to access the Synology product remotely over the Internet.

How do I test if my ports are forwarded correctly? To determine if the ports are forwarded correctly, you may use canyouseeme.org to probe your network.

DNS Alias All Internet connections today are assigned an IP address, which may be Static (fixed) IP, or a Dynamic (variable, constantly changing on an interval) IP. To have it where it's easier to remember what the IP address is to a particular location is, names are often used, such as www.synology.com. DynamicDNS is a website which offers name address, and at the time this article was written, users can sign up for one free DNS name for home and personal use. This will make it easier for users to distribute their online content on the Internet.

List of ports that the Synology Product uses

Further reading Wikipedia:Computer Network
Wikipedia:Local Area Network
Wikipedia:Wide Area Network
Wikipedia:Port Forwarding
Wikipedia:TCP and UDP Port
Wikipedia:List of TCP and UDP Port Numbers